百度作业网表语与补语有何区别,还有同位语
来源：学生作业帮 编辑：百度作业网作业帮 分类：英语作业 时间：2024/07/16 15:51:50
表语与补语有何区别,还有同位语
表语：
是用来说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态的,表语常由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、动词的-ing、从句来充当,它常位于系动词（be, become, appear, seem,look,sound,feel,get,smell等词）之后.如果句子的表语也是由一个句子充当的,那么这个充当表语的句子就叫做表语从句.
一. 名词作表语
Africa is a big continent.
非洲是个大洲.
That remains a puzzle to me.
这对我还是个难题.
二. 代词作表语
What’s your fax number?
你的传真号是多少?
Who's your best friend?
你最好的朋友是谁?
三. 形容词作表语
I feel much better today.
我今天感觉好多了.
四. 数词作表语
She was the first to learn about it.
她是第一个知道的人.
五. 不定式或ing形式作表语
Her job is selling computers.
她的工作是销售电脑.
Our next step was to get raw materials ready.
我们下一步是把原料准备好.
六. 介词短语作表语
The patient is out of danger.
病人脱险了.
I don’t feel at ease.
我感到不自在.
七. 副词作表语
The sun is up.
太阳升起来了.
I must be off now.
现在我得走了.
八. 从句作表语
This is what he said.
这就是他所说的话.
九、不定式作表语
作表语的不定式短语通常是说明主语的内容,这时主语通常是如下名词：
hope, idea, job, plan, wish, aim, purpose, thing, business
The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, not to make it more difficult.
新技术的目的是使生活更便利,而不是更繁琐.
Her wish is to become a singer.
她的愿望是当一名歌手.
Our plan is to finish the work in two weeks.
我们的计划就是在两星期内完成这项工作.
十.形容词作表语
He is old but he is healthy.
补语：
是动词或形容词后面的连带成分,述补结构中补充说明述语的结果、程度、趋向、可能、状态、数量等的成分.
补语与述语之间是补充与被补充、说明与被说明的关系.
作用对象是主语和宾语,具有鲜明的定语性描写或限制性功能,在句法上是不可或缺的.补语是起补充说明作用的成份.最常见的是宾语补足语.名词、动名词、形容词、副词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词都可以在句子中作宾补.
1、主语的补语
它用在系动词后,是句子的一个基本成分.常用主－系－表结构.
1.I saw her with them, at least, I thought it was her.
我看到她和他们在一起,至少,至少我认为是她.（her做宾语,them做介词宾语,her做主语补语）
2.. -- Who broke the vase? --谁打碎了花瓶?
-- Me. --我. （me做主语补语= It's me.）
3.John hoped the passenger would be Mary and indeed it was she. （she做主语补语）
约翰希望那位乘客是玛丽,还真是她.
2、宾语的补语
1.不定式(to do)
Father will not allow us to play on the street. 父亲不让我们在街上玩耍.
We believe him to be guilty. 我们相信他是有罪的.
We made him copy the sentence.
He is made to copy the sentence.
I felt my hands tremble.
2.名词
At the meeting we elected him monitor.
I think your brother a clever boy.
3.形容词
What you said made Xiao Wang angry.
I found the classroom empty
4.副词
Please call the students back at once.
He was seen to take his cap off.
5.现在分词
We hear him singing in the hall.
I found him lying in bed, sleeping.
6.过去分词
He saw his face reflected in the water.
I heard it spoken of in the next room.
同位语：
一个名词(或其它形式)对另一个名词或代词进行修饰,限定或说明,这个名词(或其它形式)就是同位语.同位语与被它限定的词的格要一致,并常常紧挨在一起.
用法1
由两个或两个以上同一层次的语言单位组成的结构,其中前项与后项所指相同,句法功能也相同,后项是前项的同位语.
Mr. Smith, our new teacher, is very kind to us.
我们的新老师史密斯先生对我们很好.
（Mr. Smith是主词our new teacher的同位语,指同一人.）
Yesterday I met Tom, a friend of my brother's.
昨天我遇到了我弟弟的朋友汤姆.
a friend of my brother's是受词Tom的同位语,指同一人.
用法2
如同位语与其同位成分关系紧密时不用逗点隔开;如同位语对其同位成分只作补充解释时可用逗点隔开.
He told me that his brother John is a world-famous doctor.
他本人对我讲,他的兄长约翰是一位世界闻名的医生.
（brother和John都是单一的字作同位语,与其同位成分之间不用逗点隔开.）
Yesterday I talked to my English teacher, Mr. James.
昨天我与我的英语老师詹姆斯先生谈过了.
（同位语Mr. James补充解释my English teacher,同位语与其同位成分之间可用逗点隔开.）
用法3
同位语除表示其同位成分的全部意义外,还可以表示部分意义.
We Chinese people are brave and hardworking.
我们中国人民是勤劳勇敢的.
He is interested in sports, especially ball games.
他喜欢运动,特别是球类运动.
是用来说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态的,表语常由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、动词的-ing、从句来充当,它常位于系动词（be, become, appear, seem,look,sound,feel,get,smell等词）之后.如果句子的表语也是由一个句子充当的,那么这个充当表语的句子就叫做表语从句.
一. 名词作表语
Africa is a big continent.
非洲是个大洲.
That remains a puzzle to me.
这对我还是个难题.
二. 代词作表语
What’s your fax number?
你的传真号是多少?
Who's your best friend?
你最好的朋友是谁?
三. 形容词作表语
I feel much better today.
我今天感觉好多了.
四. 数词作表语
She was the first to learn about it.
她是第一个知道的人.
五. 不定式或ing形式作表语
Her job is selling computers.
她的工作是销售电脑.
Our next step was to get raw materials ready.
我们下一步是把原料准备好.
六. 介词短语作表语
The patient is out of danger.
病人脱险了.
I don’t feel at ease.
我感到不自在.
七. 副词作表语
The sun is up.
太阳升起来了.
I must be off now.
现在我得走了.
八. 从句作表语
This is what he said.
这就是他所说的话.
九、不定式作表语
作表语的不定式短语通常是说明主语的内容,这时主语通常是如下名词：
hope, idea, job, plan, wish, aim, purpose, thing, business
The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, not to make it more difficult.
新技术的目的是使生活更便利,而不是更繁琐.
Her wish is to become a singer.
她的愿望是当一名歌手.
Our plan is to finish the work in two weeks.
我们的计划就是在两星期内完成这项工作.
十.形容词作表语
He is old but he is healthy.
补语：
是动词或形容词后面的连带成分,述补结构中补充说明述语的结果、程度、趋向、可能、状态、数量等的成分.
补语与述语之间是补充与被补充、说明与被说明的关系.
作用对象是主语和宾语,具有鲜明的定语性描写或限制性功能,在句法上是不可或缺的.补语是起补充说明作用的成份.最常见的是宾语补足语.名词、动名词、形容词、副词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词都可以在句子中作宾补.
1、主语的补语
它用在系动词后,是句子的一个基本成分.常用主－系－表结构.
1.I saw her with them, at least, I thought it was her.
我看到她和他们在一起,至少,至少我认为是她.（her做宾语,them做介词宾语,her做主语补语）
2.. -- Who broke the vase? --谁打碎了花瓶?
-- Me. --我. （me做主语补语= It's me.）
3.John hoped the passenger would be Mary and indeed it was she. （she做主语补语）
约翰希望那位乘客是玛丽,还真是她.
2、宾语的补语
1.不定式(to do)
Father will not allow us to play on the street. 父亲不让我们在街上玩耍.
We believe him to be guilty. 我们相信他是有罪的.
We made him copy the sentence.
He is made to copy the sentence.
I felt my hands tremble.
2.名词
At the meeting we elected him monitor.
I think your brother a clever boy.
3.形容词
What you said made Xiao Wang angry.
I found the classroom empty
4.副词
Please call the students back at once.
He was seen to take his cap off.
5.现在分词
We hear him singing in the hall.
I found him lying in bed, sleeping.
6.过去分词
He saw his face reflected in the water.
I heard it spoken of in the next room.
同位语：
一个名词(或其它形式)对另一个名词或代词进行修饰,限定或说明,这个名词(或其它形式)就是同位语.同位语与被它限定的词的格要一致,并常常紧挨在一起.
用法1
由两个或两个以上同一层次的语言单位组成的结构,其中前项与后项所指相同,句法功能也相同,后项是前项的同位语.
Mr. Smith, our new teacher, is very kind to us.
我们的新老师史密斯先生对我们很好.
（Mr. Smith是主词our new teacher的同位语,指同一人.）
Yesterday I met Tom, a friend of my brother's.
昨天我遇到了我弟弟的朋友汤姆.
a friend of my brother's是受词Tom的同位语,指同一人.
用法2
如同位语与其同位成分关系紧密时不用逗点隔开;如同位语对其同位成分只作补充解释时可用逗点隔开.
He told me that his brother John is a world-famous doctor.
他本人对我讲,他的兄长约翰是一位世界闻名的医生.
（brother和John都是单一的字作同位语,与其同位成分之间不用逗点隔开.）
Yesterday I talked to my English teacher, Mr. James.
昨天我与我的英语老师詹姆斯先生谈过了.
（同位语Mr. James补充解释my English teacher,同位语与其同位成分之间可用逗点隔开.）
用法3
同位语除表示其同位成分的全部意义外,还可以表示部分意义.
We Chinese people are brave and hardworking.
我们中国人民是勤劳勇敢的.
He is interested in sports, especially ball games.
他喜欢运动,特别是球类运动.