求定语从句的基本语法规则
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求定语从句的基本语法规则
![求定语从句的基本语法规则](/uploads/image/z/17691213-21-3.jpg?t=%E6%B1%82%E5%AE%9A%E8%AF%AD%E4%BB%8E%E5%8F%A5%E7%9A%84%E5%9F%BA%E6%9C%AC%E8%AF%AD%E6%B3%95%E8%A7%84%E5%88%99)
定语从句
定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的从句,其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词性成分,相当于形容词,所以又称为形容词性从句,一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面.在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词叫做定语从句.
关系词
引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词,关系词有关系代词和关系副词.关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等,绝对没有what;关系副词有where, when, why等.关系词常有3个作用: ①连接作用,引导定语从句. ②代替主句中的先行词,甚至可能是主句中的一部分或者整个主句. ③在定语从句中充当一句子成分. 注:关系代词有主语、宾语之分.一般whom作为宾语.关系代词在从句中作主语,宾语,表语,定语等,关系副词在从句中作地点状语,时间状语,原因状语等.
定语
定语用来限定、修饰名词或代词的,是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语(动词不定式短语、动名词短语和分词短语)或句子,汉语中常用‘……的’表示.主要由形容词担任,此外,名词,代词,数词,分词,副词,不定式以及介词短语也可以来担任,也可以由一个句子来担任.单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的词之前,作前置定语.短语和从句作定语时则放在所修饰的词之后,作后置定语.
先行词
被定语从句修饰的名词、代词称为先行词.
编辑本段关系代词引导的定语从句举例
关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分.关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致.
who, whom, that
这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词,who做主语指人,whom作宾语指人,that既可作主语又可作宾语(作宾语可以省略),可以指人也可以指物.在从句中所起作用如下: (1) Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是想见你的人吗?(who/that在从句中作主语) (2) He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人.(whom/that在从句中作宾语)
Whose 用来指人或物
(只用作定语, 若指物,它还可以同of which互换,指人的时候也可以用of whom 代替) (1) They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了,大家都跑过去帮忙. (2) Please pass me the book whose (of which) color is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书.
which, that
它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等,作宾语时可以省略,例如: (1) A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣.(which / that在句中作主语) (2) The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿那个包裹快要散开了.(which / that在句中作宾语) 4、 as as 可以做主语,也可以作宾语,作宾语时可以省略,指人或者物.常与such as,the same as等短语连用.
编辑本段限定性定语从句
关系代词
关系代词:在句中作主语、宾语或定语 1. that既可代表事物也可代表人,which代表事物;它们在从句中作主语或宾语,that在从句中作宾语时常可省略关系词,which在从句中作宾语也可以省略.[eg:This is the book (which)you want.] 2. 如果which在从句中作“不及物动词+介词”的介词的宾语,注意介词不要丢掉,而且介词总是放在关系代词which的前边,但有的则放在它原来的位置 3. 代表物时多用which,但在下列情况中用that而不用which: a)先行词是anything, everything, nothing , none等不定代词时; b)先行词由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等修饰时,这时的that常被省略; c)先行词前有序数词或被形容词最高级修饰时; d)先行词中既有人又有物时; e)整个句中前面已有which,who,that时; f)当先行词为物并作表语时; g)先行词为one时; h)先行词同时又被the only,the very,the same修饰时; 4. who和whom引导的从句用来修饰人,分别作从句中的主语和宾语,whom作宾语时,要注意它可以作动词的宾语也可以作介词的宾语 5. whose是关系代词,修饰名词作定语,相当于所修饰成分的前置所有格.它引导的从句可以修饰人和物, 当它引导的从句修饰物体时, 可以与 of which 调换,表达的意思一样.
关系副词
关系副词:在句中作状语 关系副词=介词+关系代词 why=for which where=in/ at/ on/ ... which (介词同先行词搭配) when=during/ on/ in/ ... which (介词同先行词搭配) 1. where是关系副词,用来表示地点的定语从句. 2. when引导定语从句表示时间〔注〕值得一提的是,表示时间“time"一词的定语从句只用when引导,有时不用任何关系代词,当然也不用that引导. By the time you arrived in London, we had stayed there for two weeks. 到你到达伦敦的时候,我们在那里已经待了两个星期. I still remember the first time I met her. 我仍然记得我第一次见到她. Each time he goes to business trip, he brings a lot of living necessities, such as towels, soap, toothbrush etc. 每一次他去出差,他带来了生活必需品,如毛巾,肥皂,牙刷等,很多. 3. 当从句的逻辑主语是some, any, no, somebody, anybody, nobody, something, anything, everything或nothing时,常用there is来引导 There is somebody here who wants to speak to you. 这里有人要和你说话.
定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的从句,其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词性成分,相当于形容词,所以又称为形容词性从句,一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面.在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词叫做定语从句.
关系词
引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词,关系词有关系代词和关系副词.关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等,绝对没有what;关系副词有where, when, why等.关系词常有3个作用: ①连接作用,引导定语从句. ②代替主句中的先行词,甚至可能是主句中的一部分或者整个主句. ③在定语从句中充当一句子成分. 注:关系代词有主语、宾语之分.一般whom作为宾语.关系代词在从句中作主语,宾语,表语,定语等,关系副词在从句中作地点状语,时间状语,原因状语等.
定语
定语用来限定、修饰名词或代词的,是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语(动词不定式短语、动名词短语和分词短语)或句子,汉语中常用‘……的’表示.主要由形容词担任,此外,名词,代词,数词,分词,副词,不定式以及介词短语也可以来担任,也可以由一个句子来担任.单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的词之前,作前置定语.短语和从句作定语时则放在所修饰的词之后,作后置定语.
先行词
被定语从句修饰的名词、代词称为先行词.
编辑本段关系代词引导的定语从句举例
关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分.关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致.
who, whom, that
这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词,who做主语指人,whom作宾语指人,that既可作主语又可作宾语(作宾语可以省略),可以指人也可以指物.在从句中所起作用如下: (1) Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是想见你的人吗?(who/that在从句中作主语) (2) He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人.(whom/that在从句中作宾语)
Whose 用来指人或物
(只用作定语, 若指物,它还可以同of which互换,指人的时候也可以用of whom 代替) (1) They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了,大家都跑过去帮忙. (2) Please pass me the book whose (of which) color is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书.
which, that
它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等,作宾语时可以省略,例如: (1) A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣.(which / that在句中作主语) (2) The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿那个包裹快要散开了.(which / that在句中作宾语) 4、 as as 可以做主语,也可以作宾语,作宾语时可以省略,指人或者物.常与such as,the same as等短语连用.
编辑本段限定性定语从句
关系代词
关系代词:在句中作主语、宾语或定语 1. that既可代表事物也可代表人,which代表事物;它们在从句中作主语或宾语,that在从句中作宾语时常可省略关系词,which在从句中作宾语也可以省略.[eg:This is the book (which)you want.] 2. 如果which在从句中作“不及物动词+介词”的介词的宾语,注意介词不要丢掉,而且介词总是放在关系代词which的前边,但有的则放在它原来的位置 3. 代表物时多用which,但在下列情况中用that而不用which: a)先行词是anything, everything, nothing , none等不定代词时; b)先行词由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等修饰时,这时的that常被省略; c)先行词前有序数词或被形容词最高级修饰时; d)先行词中既有人又有物时; e)整个句中前面已有which,who,that时; f)当先行词为物并作表语时; g)先行词为one时; h)先行词同时又被the only,the very,the same修饰时; 4. who和whom引导的从句用来修饰人,分别作从句中的主语和宾语,whom作宾语时,要注意它可以作动词的宾语也可以作介词的宾语 5. whose是关系代词,修饰名词作定语,相当于所修饰成分的前置所有格.它引导的从句可以修饰人和物, 当它引导的从句修饰物体时, 可以与 of which 调换,表达的意思一样.
关系副词
关系副词:在句中作状语 关系副词=介词+关系代词 why=for which where=in/ at/ on/ ... which (介词同先行词搭配) when=during/ on/ in/ ... which (介词同先行词搭配) 1. where是关系副词,用来表示地点的定语从句. 2. when引导定语从句表示时间〔注〕值得一提的是,表示时间“time"一词的定语从句只用when引导,有时不用任何关系代词,当然也不用that引导. By the time you arrived in London, we had stayed there for two weeks. 到你到达伦敦的时候,我们在那里已经待了两个星期. I still remember the first time I met her. 我仍然记得我第一次见到她. Each time he goes to business trip, he brings a lot of living necessities, such as towels, soap, toothbrush etc. 每一次他去出差,他带来了生活必需品,如毛巾,肥皂,牙刷等,很多. 3. 当从句的逻辑主语是some, any, no, somebody, anybody, nobody, something, anything, everything或nothing时,常用there is来引导 There is somebody here who wants to speak to you. 这里有人要和你说话.