百度作业网请帮忙翻译中国花鸟画这篇文章 急用 谢谢！
来源：学生作业帮 编辑：百度作业网作业帮 分类：综合作业 时间：2024/08/19 09:05:00
请帮忙翻译中国花鸟画这篇文章 急用 谢谢！
在中国绘画中，花鸟画是一个宽泛的概念，除了本意花卉和禽鸟之外，还包括了畜兽、虫鱼等动物，以及树木、蔬果等植物。在原始彩陶和商用青铜器上，“花鸟”充满神秘色彩，遗留着图腾的气息。最早的“花鸟”或许与早期人类的生殖崇拜有一定关系。
据史书记载，到六朝时期，已出现不少独立形态的花鸟绘画作品，如顾恺之的《凫雀图》、史道硕的《鹅图》、顾景秀的《蜂雀图》、萧绎的《鹿图》等，虽然现在已看不到这些原作，但著录资料已表明当时花鸟画已具有相当高的水平了。
到了唐代，花鸟画业已独立成科，著录中计有花鸟画家八十多人。如薛稷画鹤，曹霸韩干画马，韦偃画牛，李泓画虎，卢弁画猫，张旻画鸡，齐旻画犬，李逖画昆虫，张立画竹等等，已能注意到动物的体态结构，形式技法上也比较完善。
五代是中国花鸟画发展史上的重要时期，以徐熙、黄筌为代表的两大流派，确立了花鸟画发展史上的两种不同风格类型，“黄筌富贵，徐熙野逸”，黄筌的富贵不仅表现对象的珍奇，在画法上工细，设色浓丽，显出富贵之气，徐熙则开创“没骨”画法，落墨为格，杂彩敷之，略施丹粉而神气迥出。黄筌之子黄居寀、居宝，徐熙之孙徐崇嗣、崇矩都是当时花鸟画的重要画家。
宋代《宣和画谱》所载北宋宫廷收藏中，有三十位花鸟画家近二千件作品，所画花卉品种达二万余种。北宋的花鸟主要还是承接五代的传统，早期以黄筌之风格为主导，基本上用的是“勾勒填彩”法，旨趣浓艳，墨线不显。到了南宋，画院一半以上的画家画花鸟，这一时期的花鸟画是中国花鸟画发展史上一个高峰。在题材上，宋代出现了水墨梅、竹、松、兰，淡墨挥扫，整整斜斜，不专以形似，独得于象外。以拟人化的手法将崇高、贞洁、虚心、向上、坚强寄于“四君子”上，这种文人画思想的加入，为花鸟画注入新的内容。以文同、苏轼为代表的这一派，已有别于流行时尚的清新风格，获取朝野称赏，并加速了他们的画风成为新的时尚。
元代花鸟画受宋代文同、苏轼的影响，出现了一批专门画水墨梅竹的画家，他们以柯九思、仉瓒、吴镇、王冕为代表，表现了文人的“士气”。
明四家除了山水外，亦擅长花鸟并卓有成就。而徐渭的淋漓畅快、陈道复的隽雅洒脱，代表了文人画的两种风格。
清代石涛、恽寿平、朱耷（八大山人）和扬州八怪等都在花鸟画发展史上占有重要地位，特别是八大山人以其独特的绘画语言，表现内心的忧伤与家国之痛，其笔墨与造型均独树一帜。而恽寿平的没骨花卉则在黄徐体异中得以综合与发展，为花鸟画新辟蹊径。此后，“四任”尤其是任颐，又加以弘扬发展，使得花鸟画在清末出现了一次小的高潮。
在现代画坛，花鸟画整体上已不太引人注目，但吴昌硕、齐白石等大师的出现，亦独成高峰。吴昌硕以金石入画，创造了前无古人的风格类型，齐白石则画了许多前人从未画过的题材，如虾、老鼠、蚊子、苍蝇等等，其造诣令后人却步。而徐悲鸿的马、潘天寿的雁荡山花，李苦禅的鹰，李可染的牛，陈之佛的工笔重彩花卉，均已造型与笔墨的独特占据了各自应有的地位。
麻烦请用英语翻译，谢谢。
在中国绘画中，花鸟画是一个宽泛的概念，除了本意花卉和禽鸟之外，还包括了畜兽、虫鱼等动物，以及树木、蔬果等植物。在原始彩陶和商用青铜器上，“花鸟”充满神秘色彩，遗留着图腾的气息。最早的“花鸟”或许与早期人类的生殖崇拜有一定关系。
据史书记载，到六朝时期，已出现不少独立形态的花鸟绘画作品，如顾恺之的《凫雀图》、史道硕的《鹅图》、顾景秀的《蜂雀图》、萧绎的《鹿图》等，虽然现在已看不到这些原作，但著录资料已表明当时花鸟画已具有相当高的水平了。
到了唐代，花鸟画业已独立成科，著录中计有花鸟画家八十多人。如薛稷画鹤，曹霸韩干画马，韦偃画牛，李泓画虎，卢弁画猫，张旻画鸡，齐旻画犬，李逖画昆虫，张立画竹等等，已能注意到动物的体态结构，形式技法上也比较完善。
五代是中国花鸟画发展史上的重要时期，以徐熙、黄筌为代表的两大流派，确立了花鸟画发展史上的两种不同风格类型，“黄筌富贵，徐熙野逸”，黄筌的富贵不仅表现对象的珍奇，在画法上工细，设色浓丽，显出富贵之气，徐熙则开创“没骨”画法，落墨为格，杂彩敷之，略施丹粉而神气迥出。黄筌之子黄居寀、居宝，徐熙之孙徐崇嗣、崇矩都是当时花鸟画的重要画家。
宋代《宣和画谱》所载北宋宫廷收藏中，有三十位花鸟画家近二千件作品，所画花卉品种达二万余种。北宋的花鸟主要还是承接五代的传统，早期以黄筌之风格为主导，基本上用的是“勾勒填彩”法，旨趣浓艳，墨线不显。到了南宋，画院一半以上的画家画花鸟，这一时期的花鸟画是中国花鸟画发展史上一个高峰。在题材上，宋代出现了水墨梅、竹、松、兰，淡墨挥扫，整整斜斜，不专以形似，独得于象外。以拟人化的手法将崇高、贞洁、虚心、向上、坚强寄于“四君子”上，这种文人画思想的加入，为花鸟画注入新的内容。以文同、苏轼为代表的这一派，已有别于流行时尚的清新风格，获取朝野称赏，并加速了他们的画风成为新的时尚。
元代花鸟画受宋代文同、苏轼的影响，出现了一批专门画水墨梅竹的画家，他们以柯九思、仉瓒、吴镇、王冕为代表，表现了文人的“士气”。
明四家除了山水外，亦擅长花鸟并卓有成就。而徐渭的淋漓畅快、陈道复的隽雅洒脱，代表了文人画的两种风格。
清代石涛、恽寿平、朱耷（八大山人）和扬州八怪等都在花鸟画发展史上占有重要地位，特别是八大山人以其独特的绘画语言，表现内心的忧伤与家国之痛，其笔墨与造型均独树一帜。而恽寿平的没骨花卉则在黄徐体异中得以综合与发展，为花鸟画新辟蹊径。此后，“四任”尤其是任颐，又加以弘扬发展，使得花鸟画在清末出现了一次小的高潮。
在现代画坛，花鸟画整体上已不太引人注目，但吴昌硕、齐白石等大师的出现，亦独成高峰。吴昌硕以金石入画，创造了前无古人的风格类型，齐白石则画了许多前人从未画过的题材，如虾、老鼠、蚊子、苍蝇等等，其造诣令后人却步。而徐悲鸿的马、潘天寿的雁荡山花，李苦禅的鹰，李可染的牛，陈之佛的工笔重彩花卉，均已造型与笔墨的独特占据了各自应有的地位。
麻烦请用英语翻译，谢谢。
In Chinese painting, flower-is a broad concept, in addition to intent flowers and birds, also includes livestock animals, insects, fish and other animals, as well as trees, fruits and vegetables and other plants. In the original painted pottery, bronze and business, "bird" is full of mystery, the legacy of the totem atmosphere. First "bird" and perhaps the early human reproductive worship a certain relationship.
According to historical records, to the Six Dynasties period, a lot of independent form of bird paintings, such as Gu Kaizhi "Fuzhou bird map", Shi Shuo, the "goose map" Gujingxiu "hummingbird map" Hsiao Yi's "Deer map", although it is now not the original, but that the information has been recorded at flower-have a relatively high level.
To the Tang Dynasty, flower-has a separate Bureau, a flower-are recorded in more than 80 homes. Xueze paintings such as cranes, dry Han Cao tyrants painting horses, cows painting Wei Yan, Hong Li painting tiger, Lu Benten painting cats, Zhang Min painting chickens, dogs Jimin painting, Li Di painting insects, Zhang Huazhu, etc., has been able to observe the animals body structure, is also a perfect technique.
Five Dynasties is the history of the development of China's flower-an important period to XU Xi Huang Quan represented by the two schools, a flower-established history of the development of two different types of styles, "Huang Quan wealth, XU Xi Yi Ye," Huang Quan not only the wealth of rare objects in the painting and go fine, colors Nong Li, showing rich gas, while XU Xi create a "No bone" painting, the grid-of-the miscellaneous color of Kurashiki, and the trick Dan powder girls circuitous out. Huang Huang Quan Son of mining Habitat, the Habitat Po, the Sun XU Xi Xu Chongsi, flower-worship at the moment are an important painter.
Song "propaganda and Huapu" in the Northern Song Dynasty palace collection, home nearly 30 flower-2000 works, the painting flowers and plants amounted to 20,000 species. Northern Song Dynasty bird Five Dynasties mainly undertake the tradition of the early to Huang Quan-oriented style, which is basically "outline filled luck", purport Nongyan Mexico line not significant. To the Southern Song Dynasty, more than half of the Painting Studio artists painted flowers and birds, during this period of flower-is a history of the development of China's flower-peak. In the subject matter, there ink-Song Dynasty, bamboo, pine, blue, short-Mexican Hui So, the whole Chacha, they are not in shape, as in the independence of outside. To be the way people will be noble, chastity, with an open mind, progressive, strong and send in the "four gentlemen", thinking that the addition of literati painting, flower-add new content. To the same text, the representative of Sushi for the camp, has been different from the fresh fashion style, the ruling and opposition parties Chengshang access, and accelerate their style as a new fashion.
Yuan flower-with the text of the Song Dynasty, Su Shi's influence, there has been a number of specialized plum and bamboo ink painting artists, they think Ko 9, Zhang Chan, Wu Zhen, represented by Wang Mian, the performance of the literati "morale . "
In addition to the four landscapes, but also adept at bird and is highly successful. Xu Wei and the pleasant hill, Chen Fu Jun Accor free and easy, representing the two literati painting style.
Qing Shi Tao, Shou-Yun, Zhu Zhe (Badashanren) and in the flower-and so Yangzhoubaguai occupies an important position in the history of the development, especially its unique painting Badashanren language, and the performance of inner sorrow home country pain, Modeling and its ink are unique. TING Yun-ping and not the bone-yellow flowers in the body can be integrated with the differences in development, flower-new advances. Thereafter, the "four of the" particularly Ren Yi, and to promote the development of flower-making in the late Qing Dynasty in a small high tide.
In modern painting, flower-as a whole has been less dramatic, but Wu Changshuo, Qi Baishi, such as the emergence of Masters, a peak alone. Wu Changshuo to stone art, and created an unprecedented style of type, Qi Baishi, paintings many predecessors have never been the subject of paintings, such as shrimp, rats, mosquitoes, flies, and so on, so that future generations of their attainments deterred. Ma and Xu Beihong, Pan Tianshou the Yandang Mountain flowers, Liguchan the eagles, Li Keran cattle, Chen Dover meticulous re-color flowers, have a unique shape and ink occupy their rightful place.
According to historical records, to the Six Dynasties period, a lot of independent form of bird paintings, such as Gu Kaizhi "Fuzhou bird map", Shi Shuo, the "goose map" Gujingxiu "hummingbird map" Hsiao Yi's "Deer map", although it is now not the original, but that the information has been recorded at flower-have a relatively high level.
To the Tang Dynasty, flower-has a separate Bureau, a flower-are recorded in more than 80 homes. Xueze paintings such as cranes, dry Han Cao tyrants painting horses, cows painting Wei Yan, Hong Li painting tiger, Lu Benten painting cats, Zhang Min painting chickens, dogs Jimin painting, Li Di painting insects, Zhang Huazhu, etc., has been able to observe the animals body structure, is also a perfect technique.
Five Dynasties is the history of the development of China's flower-an important period to XU Xi Huang Quan represented by the two schools, a flower-established history of the development of two different types of styles, "Huang Quan wealth, XU Xi Yi Ye," Huang Quan not only the wealth of rare objects in the painting and go fine, colors Nong Li, showing rich gas, while XU Xi create a "No bone" painting, the grid-of-the miscellaneous color of Kurashiki, and the trick Dan powder girls circuitous out. Huang Huang Quan Son of mining Habitat, the Habitat Po, the Sun XU Xi Xu Chongsi, flower-worship at the moment are an important painter.
Song "propaganda and Huapu" in the Northern Song Dynasty palace collection, home nearly 30 flower-2000 works, the painting flowers and plants amounted to 20,000 species. Northern Song Dynasty bird Five Dynasties mainly undertake the tradition of the early to Huang Quan-oriented style, which is basically "outline filled luck", purport Nongyan Mexico line not significant. To the Southern Song Dynasty, more than half of the Painting Studio artists painted flowers and birds, during this period of flower-is a history of the development of China's flower-peak. In the subject matter, there ink-Song Dynasty, bamboo, pine, blue, short-Mexican Hui So, the whole Chacha, they are not in shape, as in the independence of outside. To be the way people will be noble, chastity, with an open mind, progressive, strong and send in the "four gentlemen", thinking that the addition of literati painting, flower-add new content. To the same text, the representative of Sushi for the camp, has been different from the fresh fashion style, the ruling and opposition parties Chengshang access, and accelerate their style as a new fashion.
Yuan flower-with the text of the Song Dynasty, Su Shi's influence, there has been a number of specialized plum and bamboo ink painting artists, they think Ko 9, Zhang Chan, Wu Zhen, represented by Wang Mian, the performance of the literati "morale . "
In addition to the four landscapes, but also adept at bird and is highly successful. Xu Wei and the pleasant hill, Chen Fu Jun Accor free and easy, representing the two literati painting style.
Qing Shi Tao, Shou-Yun, Zhu Zhe (Badashanren) and in the flower-and so Yangzhoubaguai occupies an important position in the history of the development, especially its unique painting Badashanren language, and the performance of inner sorrow home country pain, Modeling and its ink are unique. TING Yun-ping and not the bone-yellow flowers in the body can be integrated with the differences in development, flower-new advances. Thereafter, the "four of the" particularly Ren Yi, and to promote the development of flower-making in the late Qing Dynasty in a small high tide.
In modern painting, flower-as a whole has been less dramatic, but Wu Changshuo, Qi Baishi, such as the emergence of Masters, a peak alone. Wu Changshuo to stone art, and created an unprecedented style of type, Qi Baishi, paintings many predecessors have never been the subject of paintings, such as shrimp, rats, mosquitoes, flies, and so on, so that future generations of their attainments deterred. Ma and Xu Beihong, Pan Tianshou the Yandang Mountain flowers, Liguchan the eagles, Li Keran cattle, Chen Dover meticulous re-color flowers, have a unique shape and ink occupy their rightful place.