英语反问句的语法知识.
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英语反问句的语法知识.
![英语反问句的语法知识.](/uploads/image/z/19995434-26-4.jpg?t=%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD%E5%8F%8D%E9%97%AE%E5%8F%A5%E7%9A%84%E8%AF%AD%E6%B3%95%E7%9F%A5%E8%AF%86.)
反意问句
反意问句由二部分构成 ,即陈述句 + 反问句,在形式上通常遵循前肯定后否定或前否定后肯定以及反问句的主、谓须与陈述句主、谓相一致的原则.但在实际运用中,反意问句具有很大的灵活性与特殊性.许多学生遇到具体情况感到无所适从,现就此方面的一些特殊形式进行新的归纳 ,望能有所帮助.
一、谓语的变化
1. 陈述部分含 must 情态动词,反问句谓语须根据其不同的意思而确定.
1 ) must 表“一定要”,“必须”,反问句谓语用 needn't ,间或用 mustn't .
You must leave for Beijing next week , needn't you ?
He must work hard at his subjects , mustn't he ?
2 ) must 表 “ 一定是 ”“ 肯定是 ”,反问句谓语须根据其后的原形动词选用相对应的形式.
You must have told him that , haven't you ?
He must have seen the film yesterday , didn't he ?
She must be at the office , isn't she ?
They must be having a meeting now , aren't they ?
2 . 陈述部分用 had better ,反问句谓语多用 shouldn't ,间或也用hadn't .
We had better stop the discussion , shouldn't we ?
You'd better turn to your teacher for help , hadn't you ?
3 . 陈述部分谓语用 have ,反问句谓语须根据其意义确定.
1 ) 表 " 拥有 " , 反问句谓语用 have 或 do .
You have a new dictionary , haven't you ?
He has a foreign friend , doesn't he ?
陈述部分是否定形式 ,反问句谓语用 have 或 do 取决于陈述部分的谓语形式.
He hasn't a lot of time to spare , has he ?
You don't have anything to say , do you ?
2 ) have 表其他意思 , 反问句谓语多用 don't , 间或也用 haven't .
Jack has to go there on foot , doesn't we ?
3 ) 陈述部分含have to结构,反问句谓语多用 don't ,间或也用 haven't .
Jack has to go there on foot , doesn't he ?
We have to get up early , haven't we ?
当 have to 被 have got to 取代时,反问句谓语须用 have .
We have got to answer all these questions , haven't we ?
4 . 陈述部分谓语用 used to 结构,反问句谓语用 didn't 或 usedn't 或 used + 主 + not .
They used to live in the city , usedn't they ?
He used to get up very early , didn't he ?
You used to play football , used you not ?
5 . 陈述部分用 I am ... 结构 ,反问句谓语用 aren't 或 ain't 或 am I not .
I am your friend , am I not ?
I am have on time , aren't / ain't I ?
二、 句子结构的变化
1 . 感叹句附加反问句 ,其反问句一般使用否定式.
What fine weather , isn't it ?
How hard she works , doesn't she ?
How clever the boy is , isn't he ?
2 . 陈述部分用 I wish ... 结构 ,反问句常用 may I 形式 .
I wish I had met him , may I ?
I wish I were a birk , may I ?
3 . 祈使句附加反问句分下面几种情况 :
1 ) 肯定祈使句 + will you ? 多表“ 请求 ”.
Come here early next time , will you ?
肯定祈使句 + won't you ? 多表“ 提醒注意 ”.
Listen to me attentively , won't you ?
表邀请 ,请求多用 will you ,但也可根据需要选用其他形式.
Sing us a song , would you ?
Turn off the light , won't you ?
表提醒某人做某事 ,除 won't you 外 ,还可用 would you ,can you 等.
Do write down your name have , would you ?
Stop talking , can you ?
2 ) 否定祈使句 + will you 或 can you ?
Don't be late again , will you ?
Don't make a noise , can you ?
但在否定祈使句后不能使用 won't you .
3 ) Let's ... + shall we 或 shan't we ?
Let's begin our class , shall we ?
Let's get down to our business , shan't we ?
而 Let us / me / him ..., 则应用 will / won't you ?
Let me have a try , will you ?
Let us have a rest , won't you ?
4 ) 陈述部分含有 few , little , seldom , havdly , never , not , no ,
no one ,nobody , nothing , none , neither 等,反问句应用肯定结构 .
He seldom comes here , does he ?
You know little French , do you ?
但当这些否定 、半否定意义的词在陈述部分作宾语时,反问句间或也用否定结构 .
He has nothing to do now , doesn't he ?
5 ) 陈述部分所含的否定词是加前缀或后缀所构成的,反问句要用否定结构 .
He is quite careless , isn't he ?
It is unfair , isn't it ?
6 ) 陈述部分用 I ( We ) think / suppose / believe / imagine ...等接that 从句 ,反问句应与从句的主 、谓语保持一致,但应注意否定的转移 .
I think he'll be back in 3 days , won't he ?
I don't believe that they have known it , have they ?
7 ) 陈述部分用 neither ... nor ... , both ... and ... , 连接二个主语,
反问句主语常用复数.
Neither you nor I am wrong , are we ?
Both Tom and Mary are new here , aren't they ?
8 ) 陈述部分用 too ... to ... , 表 “ 太 …… 以致不能 …… ”,反问句肯定形式 .
He is too excited to say a word , is he ?
They are too tired to go any farther , are they ?
9 ) 陈述部分用 so 开头 ,反问句用“ 同向 ” 反问形式 ,表惊讶,不满 ,怀疑等情绪 .
So you are getting married , are you ?
So you don't want to go with us , don't you ?
祝你开心如意!
反意问句由二部分构成 ,即陈述句 + 反问句,在形式上通常遵循前肯定后否定或前否定后肯定以及反问句的主、谓须与陈述句主、谓相一致的原则.但在实际运用中,反意问句具有很大的灵活性与特殊性.许多学生遇到具体情况感到无所适从,现就此方面的一些特殊形式进行新的归纳 ,望能有所帮助.
一、谓语的变化
1. 陈述部分含 must 情态动词,反问句谓语须根据其不同的意思而确定.
1 ) must 表“一定要”,“必须”,反问句谓语用 needn't ,间或用 mustn't .
You must leave for Beijing next week , needn't you ?
He must work hard at his subjects , mustn't he ?
2 ) must 表 “ 一定是 ”“ 肯定是 ”,反问句谓语须根据其后的原形动词选用相对应的形式.
You must have told him that , haven't you ?
He must have seen the film yesterday , didn't he ?
She must be at the office , isn't she ?
They must be having a meeting now , aren't they ?
2 . 陈述部分用 had better ,反问句谓语多用 shouldn't ,间或也用hadn't .
We had better stop the discussion , shouldn't we ?
You'd better turn to your teacher for help , hadn't you ?
3 . 陈述部分谓语用 have ,反问句谓语须根据其意义确定.
1 ) 表 " 拥有 " , 反问句谓语用 have 或 do .
You have a new dictionary , haven't you ?
He has a foreign friend , doesn't he ?
陈述部分是否定形式 ,反问句谓语用 have 或 do 取决于陈述部分的谓语形式.
He hasn't a lot of time to spare , has he ?
You don't have anything to say , do you ?
2 ) have 表其他意思 , 反问句谓语多用 don't , 间或也用 haven't .
Jack has to go there on foot , doesn't we ?
3 ) 陈述部分含have to结构,反问句谓语多用 don't ,间或也用 haven't .
Jack has to go there on foot , doesn't he ?
We have to get up early , haven't we ?
当 have to 被 have got to 取代时,反问句谓语须用 have .
We have got to answer all these questions , haven't we ?
4 . 陈述部分谓语用 used to 结构,反问句谓语用 didn't 或 usedn't 或 used + 主 + not .
They used to live in the city , usedn't they ?
He used to get up very early , didn't he ?
You used to play football , used you not ?
5 . 陈述部分用 I am ... 结构 ,反问句谓语用 aren't 或 ain't 或 am I not .
I am your friend , am I not ?
I am have on time , aren't / ain't I ?
二、 句子结构的变化
1 . 感叹句附加反问句 ,其反问句一般使用否定式.
What fine weather , isn't it ?
How hard she works , doesn't she ?
How clever the boy is , isn't he ?
2 . 陈述部分用 I wish ... 结构 ,反问句常用 may I 形式 .
I wish I had met him , may I ?
I wish I were a birk , may I ?
3 . 祈使句附加反问句分下面几种情况 :
1 ) 肯定祈使句 + will you ? 多表“ 请求 ”.
Come here early next time , will you ?
肯定祈使句 + won't you ? 多表“ 提醒注意 ”.
Listen to me attentively , won't you ?
表邀请 ,请求多用 will you ,但也可根据需要选用其他形式.
Sing us a song , would you ?
Turn off the light , won't you ?
表提醒某人做某事 ,除 won't you 外 ,还可用 would you ,can you 等.
Do write down your name have , would you ?
Stop talking , can you ?
2 ) 否定祈使句 + will you 或 can you ?
Don't be late again , will you ?
Don't make a noise , can you ?
但在否定祈使句后不能使用 won't you .
3 ) Let's ... + shall we 或 shan't we ?
Let's begin our class , shall we ?
Let's get down to our business , shan't we ?
而 Let us / me / him ..., 则应用 will / won't you ?
Let me have a try , will you ?
Let us have a rest , won't you ?
4 ) 陈述部分含有 few , little , seldom , havdly , never , not , no ,
no one ,nobody , nothing , none , neither 等,反问句应用肯定结构 .
He seldom comes here , does he ?
You know little French , do you ?
但当这些否定 、半否定意义的词在陈述部分作宾语时,反问句间或也用否定结构 .
He has nothing to do now , doesn't he ?
5 ) 陈述部分所含的否定词是加前缀或后缀所构成的,反问句要用否定结构 .
He is quite careless , isn't he ?
It is unfair , isn't it ?
6 ) 陈述部分用 I ( We ) think / suppose / believe / imagine ...等接that 从句 ,反问句应与从句的主 、谓语保持一致,但应注意否定的转移 .
I think he'll be back in 3 days , won't he ?
I don't believe that they have known it , have they ?
7 ) 陈述部分用 neither ... nor ... , both ... and ... , 连接二个主语,
反问句主语常用复数.
Neither you nor I am wrong , are we ?
Both Tom and Mary are new here , aren't they ?
8 ) 陈述部分用 too ... to ... , 表 “ 太 …… 以致不能 …… ”,反问句肯定形式 .
He is too excited to say a word , is he ?
They are too tired to go any farther , are they ?
9 ) 陈述部分用 so 开头 ,反问句用“ 同向 ” 反问形式 ,表惊讶,不满 ,怀疑等情绪 .
So you are getting married , are you ?
So you don't want to go with us , don't you ?
祝你开心如意!