英语翻译In sheet metal,drawing is a process of forming flat shee

英语翻译
In sheet metal,drawing is a process of forming flat sheet meal into hollow shapes by means of a punch that causes the metal to flow into the die cavity.If the depth is one or more times the diameter ,the process is called deep drawing .The forming of shallow shapes is sometimes referred to as stamping ,but the distinction is not elear since stamping is also used to describe cutting flat figures or patterns.
In deep-drawing ,also called cup or radial drawing ,a parallel-walled cup is crated from a flat blank .The blank may be circular ,rect-angular,or of a more complex outline.The blank is drawn down into the die cavity by action of the punch .Deformation is restricted to the flange and draw radius .No deformation occurs under the bottom of the punch .As the pnch forms the cup ,the amount of material in the flange decreases.
In drawing,the limit of deformation is reached when the load required to defom the flange becomes greater than the load-carrying of the cup wall.The failure site will be in the unworked area near the bottom of the cup wall .The hold-down pressure on top of the blank must be sufficient to keep the material fron wrinkling as it goes into the die ,The deformation limit(limiting drawing ratio or LDR)is the maxiunm blank diameter heat can be drawn into a cup without failure.The percentage of reduction can be calculated as follows:
%Reduction=(D-d/D)*100
Where D=blank diameter
d=punch diameter
The calculation is usually made with the cup-wall inside diameter,which would also bethe draw-pnch diameter.A drawing ratio or percentage reduction of 48%is considered excellent on the first draw .Succeeding draws must be reduced.That is the percentage reduction that can be expected under falvorable conditions without annealing ,for a second draw would be about 30% and about 20% for a third draw.

在钣金,绘画的过程,就是一个形成平板餐成空心形状通过一个冲床造成金属流入模腔.如果深度是一个或更多倍的直径,这一过程称为拉深.形成浅层形状有时被称为冲压,但区别并不elear以来,冲压,也被用来形容切割单位数字或...