英语翻译As shown in Table 1 and described below,best value suppl

英语翻译
As shown in Table 1 and described below,best value supply chains differ from typical supply chains in how they approach three issues closely tied to strategic supply chain management:agility,adaptability,and alignment.Table 1 also identifies keys for moving toward a best value approach for each issue,and provides examples of firms that have made significant strides along this path.
Agility is the supply chain's relative capacity to act rapidly in response to dramatic changes in supply and demand.Agility can be achieved through the use of buffers.Excess capacity,inventory,and management information systems all provide buffers that allow a best value supply chain to provide better service and be more responsive to its customers.Rapid improvements and decreased costs in deploying information systems have enabled supply chains in recent years to reduce inventory as a buffer.Much popular thinking depicts inventory reduction as a goal in and of itself.
However,this cannot occur without corresponding increases in buffer capacity elsewhere in the chain,or performance will suffer.A best value supply chain seeks to optimize the total costs of all buffers used.The costs of deploying each buffer will differ across industries; therefore no solution that works for one company can be applied directly to another in a different industry without adaptation.
Adaptability refers to a willingness and capacity to reshape supply chains when necessary.Generally,creating a single supply chain for a customer is desired because this helps minimize costs.However,adaptable firms realize that this is not always a best value solution.For example,in the defense industry,the U.S.Army requires one class ofweapon simulators to be repaired in less than eight hours,while another class of items can be repaired and returned inside of one month.In order to service these varying requirements efficiently and effectively,Computer Science Corporation must devise adaptable supply chains.In this case,spare parts inventory is positioned at close proximity to the class of simulators requiring quick turnaround,while the less time sensitive
devices are sent to a centralized repair facility.
Alignment refers to creating consistency in the interests of all participants in a supply chain.In many situations,this can be accomplished by carefully writing incentives into contracts.Collaborative forecasting with suppliers and customers can also help build alignment.Taking the time to sit together with participants in the supply chain to agree on anticipated business levels permits shared understanding and rapid information transfers between parties.This is particularly valuable when customer demand is uncertain,such as in the retail industry.

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根据下表1所展示和描述的,最佳值供需链与传统典型的供需链是不同的,这体现在它这两者如何与战略性供应链紧密结合的三个要点的联系上：灵活性、适应性和一致性.表1也指出为每个要点运用最优价值的关键所在,并为企业在这条路上跨出一大步提供了例子.
灵活性关系着供需链的能力,体现了对突发改变做出供给方面的迅速反应.灵活性可以通过缓冲来完成.超额的容纳力、库存,以及信息管理系统都提供了缓冲的平台,使一条最佳值供需链可以提供更好的服务以及对客户更快的回应.而在部署信息系统方面快速提高和降低成本,使供需链在近年来得以通过减少库存来缓冲.
许多主流思想做出了把降低库存及其本身作为一个目标的表述.然而,没有通过协作提高缓冲能力而是用其它方法的话,这不可能实现,或执行力会因此受限.一条最优值供需链,致力于优化所有可用缓冲的总体费用.用于配置每一条缓冲渠道的费用,各行业都有所不同；因此,没有一个万能的方法,可以直接运用到每一个不同的行业而不加改进.
适应性指的是在必要的时候,对供需链进行自发的以及最大限度的改组.总的来说,单为一个客户创造一条供应链是必须的,因为这使得成本降低.尽管如此,适应能力强的公司意识到这不会一直是一种最佳值供需链.举个例子,在国防制造业,美国军队要求一组武器模拟器的修复必须在8个小时以内完成,而另一组物件可以在一个月内修复并返回内部.为了为这些不同的要求提供有效和实际的服务,电脑科学机构必须设计出相应的需求链.在这种情况下,空余的库存零部件放置在距离需要快速周转修复的模拟器组最近的地方,而对修复时限要求不高的部件则被运往中央维修部.
一致性是指为供需链参与者的利益创造的连贯性.在很多情况下,这可以通过仔细订立奖励的合同来完成.合作者与供应商和客户一同预测,亦可帮助建立一致性.供需链的参与者们花时间一起坐下来共议预期的的业务水平,可以使各方达成分享理解和快速的信息传输.在客户需求不确定的情况下,例如零售业,这一点尤为珍贵.