过去式,过去分词的变化规律
来源:学生作业帮 编辑:百度作业网作业帮 分类:英语作业 时间:2024/08/19 05:17:04
过去式,过去分词的变化规律
![过去式,过去分词的变化规律](/uploads/image/z/4205741-5-1.jpg?t=%E8%BF%87%E5%8E%BB%E5%BC%8F%2C%E8%BF%87%E5%8E%BB%E5%88%86%E8%AF%8D%E7%9A%84%E5%8F%98%E5%8C%96%E8%A7%84%E5%BE%8B)
1) AAA型(动词原形、过去式、过去分词同形)
cost(花费) cost cost
cut(割) cut cut
hit(打) hit hit
hurt 伤害) hurt hurt
let(让) let let
put(放) put put
read (读) read read
(2) AAB型(动词原形与过去式同形)
beat(跳动) beat beaten
(3) ABA型(动词原形与过去分词同形)
become(变成) became become
come(来) came come
run(跑) ran run
(4) ABB型(过去式与过去分词同形)
dig(挖) dug dug
get(得到) got got
hang(吊死) hanged hanged
hang(悬挂) hung hung
hold(抓住) held held
shine(照耀) shone shone
sit(坐) sat sat
win (赢) won won
meet(遇见) met met
keep (保持) kept kept
sleep(睡) slept slept
sweep(扫) swept swept
feel(感觉) felt felt
smell(闻) smelt smelt
leave(离开) left left
build(建设) built built
lend(借出) lent lent
send (传送) sent sent
spend(花费) spent spent
lose (丢失) lost lost
burn (燃烧) burnt burnt
learn(学习) learnt learnt
mean(意思是) meant meant
catch(抓住) caught caught
teach(教) taught taught
bring(带来) brought brought
fight (战斗) fought fought
buy(买) bought bought
think(想) thought thought
hear (听见) heard heard
sell(卖) sold sold
tell(告诉) told told
say(说) said said
find(找到) found found
have/has(有) had had
make(制造) made made
stand(站) stood stood
understand明白understood understood
(5) ABC型(动词原形、过去式与过去分词三者不同形)
begin(开始) began begun
drink(喝) drank drunk
ring(铃响) rang rung
sing (唱) sang sung
swim(游泳) swam swum
blow(吹) blew blown
draw (画) drew drawn
fly(飞) flew flown
grow(生长) grew grown
know(知道) knew known
throw(投掷) threw thrown show(出示) showed shown
break(打破) broke broken choose(选择) chose chosen
forget(忘记) forgot forgotten (forgot)
speak(说,讲) spoke spoken
wake(醒) woke woke
drive(驾驶) drove driven
eat(吃) ate eaten
fall(落下) fell fallen
give(给) gave given
rise(升高) rose risen
take(取) took taken
mistake(弄错) mistook mistaken
ride(骑) rode ridden
write(写) wrote written
do(做) did done
go(去) went gone
lie(平躺) lay lain
see(看见) saw seen
wear (穿) wore worn
be ( am, is, are )(是)was, were been
去分词与现在分词被动式的区别
(1)过去分词在构成完成时态,不定式完成式以及被动语态时,通常不能用现在分词一般被动式代替.(现在进行时的被动语态除外)
eg:The door was closed an hour ago.
这门在一小时前就关闭了.
They have finished their homework.
他们已经做完了家庭作业
(2)过去分词作前置定语时,不能用现在分词一般被动式代替.
eg: That was an inspired suggestion.
那是一条由某人提出的建议.
同样现在分词一般被动式作为定语表示动作时,也不能用过去分词来代替.
eg:The house being built is a big project.
正在施工的那幢楼是一项大的工程.
(3)过去分词作条件、时间等状语时,不可用现在分词一般被动式代替.
eg:Given more time,I can do it better.(表条件)'
多给点时间,我会做得更好些.
Given more attention,the trees could have grown better.(表示条件)
如果多关心一些,这些树会长得更好.
Heated ,the metal expands.(表示时间)
加热后,这种金属会膨胀.
Asked why he did it,he said it was his duty .(表示时间)
问及为何要做此事时,他说这是他的职责.
(4)过去分词作表语时,不能用现在分词一般被动式代替.
eg:The top of the mountain is covered with snow .山顶满是雪.
(5)过去分词在构成have,get,want等动词后的复合宾语时,不能用现在分词一般被动式.
eg:Why don’t you have the radio fixed?
你为什么不把收音机拿去修一修?
尤其是一些感官动词,如:see,hear,find等后构成复合宾语时,过去分词和现在分词一般被动式意思完全不同.
eg:I heard this song being sung by my students in the next room.
我听到隔壁房间的学生正在吟唱这首歌.
(注:现在分词一般被动式表示正在进行的动作)
I have never heard this song sung in English.
我从来没有听到过用英语唱这首歌.
(注:过去分词表示己完成的动作)
(6)在下面一些比较固定的分词独立结构中,通常多用过去分词.
eg: all told总计
all things considered考虑了一切因素之后
this accomplished完成这项工程之后
this explantion given这样解释之后
all said and done毕竟
二.过去分词和现在分词完成被动式的区别:
及物动词的过去分词没有完成式,但它有“完成”的含义,所以它可以代替现在分词完成被动式.
eg:The bridge had been weakened by successive storms and was no longer safe .
Weakened by successive storms,the bridge was no longer safe.
Having been weakened by successive storms,the bridge was no longer safe.
这座桥接二连三地遭到暴风雨的袭击后,己经不安全了.
但若强调分词表示的行为发生在后一个动词表示的行为之前时,可用现在分词完成被动式.
eg:Having been warned about the bandits,he left his valuables at home.
当警告有强盗出没时,他就把贵重物品留在家里.
通常过去分词可作定语使用,而现在分词完成被动式却不能用作定语.
eg:The computer centre,opened last year,is very popular among the students in this school.
去年开办的计算机中心很受学生的欢迎.
(过去分词既能表示被动又有完成的含义)
cost(花费) cost cost
cut(割) cut cut
hit(打) hit hit
hurt 伤害) hurt hurt
let(让) let let
put(放) put put
read (读) read read
(2) AAB型(动词原形与过去式同形)
beat(跳动) beat beaten
(3) ABA型(动词原形与过去分词同形)
become(变成) became become
come(来) came come
run(跑) ran run
(4) ABB型(过去式与过去分词同形)
dig(挖) dug dug
get(得到) got got
hang(吊死) hanged hanged
hang(悬挂) hung hung
hold(抓住) held held
shine(照耀) shone shone
sit(坐) sat sat
win (赢) won won
meet(遇见) met met
keep (保持) kept kept
sleep(睡) slept slept
sweep(扫) swept swept
feel(感觉) felt felt
smell(闻) smelt smelt
leave(离开) left left
build(建设) built built
lend(借出) lent lent
send (传送) sent sent
spend(花费) spent spent
lose (丢失) lost lost
burn (燃烧) burnt burnt
learn(学习) learnt learnt
mean(意思是) meant meant
catch(抓住) caught caught
teach(教) taught taught
bring(带来) brought brought
fight (战斗) fought fought
buy(买) bought bought
think(想) thought thought
hear (听见) heard heard
sell(卖) sold sold
tell(告诉) told told
say(说) said said
find(找到) found found
have/has(有) had had
make(制造) made made
stand(站) stood stood
understand明白understood understood
(5) ABC型(动词原形、过去式与过去分词三者不同形)
begin(开始) began begun
drink(喝) drank drunk
ring(铃响) rang rung
sing (唱) sang sung
swim(游泳) swam swum
blow(吹) blew blown
draw (画) drew drawn
fly(飞) flew flown
grow(生长) grew grown
know(知道) knew known
throw(投掷) threw thrown show(出示) showed shown
break(打破) broke broken choose(选择) chose chosen
forget(忘记) forgot forgotten (forgot)
speak(说,讲) spoke spoken
wake(醒) woke woke
drive(驾驶) drove driven
eat(吃) ate eaten
fall(落下) fell fallen
give(给) gave given
rise(升高) rose risen
take(取) took taken
mistake(弄错) mistook mistaken
ride(骑) rode ridden
write(写) wrote written
do(做) did done
go(去) went gone
lie(平躺) lay lain
see(看见) saw seen
wear (穿) wore worn
be ( am, is, are )(是)was, were been
去分词与现在分词被动式的区别
(1)过去分词在构成完成时态,不定式完成式以及被动语态时,通常不能用现在分词一般被动式代替.(现在进行时的被动语态除外)
eg:The door was closed an hour ago.
这门在一小时前就关闭了.
They have finished their homework.
他们已经做完了家庭作业
(2)过去分词作前置定语时,不能用现在分词一般被动式代替.
eg: That was an inspired suggestion.
那是一条由某人提出的建议.
同样现在分词一般被动式作为定语表示动作时,也不能用过去分词来代替.
eg:The house being built is a big project.
正在施工的那幢楼是一项大的工程.
(3)过去分词作条件、时间等状语时,不可用现在分词一般被动式代替.
eg:Given more time,I can do it better.(表条件)'
多给点时间,我会做得更好些.
Given more attention,the trees could have grown better.(表示条件)
如果多关心一些,这些树会长得更好.
Heated ,the metal expands.(表示时间)
加热后,这种金属会膨胀.
Asked why he did it,he said it was his duty .(表示时间)
问及为何要做此事时,他说这是他的职责.
(4)过去分词作表语时,不能用现在分词一般被动式代替.
eg:The top of the mountain is covered with snow .山顶满是雪.
(5)过去分词在构成have,get,want等动词后的复合宾语时,不能用现在分词一般被动式.
eg:Why don’t you have the radio fixed?
你为什么不把收音机拿去修一修?
尤其是一些感官动词,如:see,hear,find等后构成复合宾语时,过去分词和现在分词一般被动式意思完全不同.
eg:I heard this song being sung by my students in the next room.
我听到隔壁房间的学生正在吟唱这首歌.
(注:现在分词一般被动式表示正在进行的动作)
I have never heard this song sung in English.
我从来没有听到过用英语唱这首歌.
(注:过去分词表示己完成的动作)
(6)在下面一些比较固定的分词独立结构中,通常多用过去分词.
eg: all told总计
all things considered考虑了一切因素之后
this accomplished完成这项工程之后
this explantion given这样解释之后
all said and done毕竟
二.过去分词和现在分词完成被动式的区别:
及物动词的过去分词没有完成式,但它有“完成”的含义,所以它可以代替现在分词完成被动式.
eg:The bridge had been weakened by successive storms and was no longer safe .
Weakened by successive storms,the bridge was no longer safe.
Having been weakened by successive storms,the bridge was no longer safe.
这座桥接二连三地遭到暴风雨的袭击后,己经不安全了.
但若强调分词表示的行为发生在后一个动词表示的行为之前时,可用现在分词完成被动式.
eg:Having been warned about the bandits,he left his valuables at home.
当警告有强盗出没时,他就把贵重物品留在家里.
通常过去分词可作定语使用,而现在分词完成被动式却不能用作定语.
eg:The computer centre,opened last year,is very popular among the students in this school.
去年开办的计算机中心很受学生的欢迎.
(过去分词既能表示被动又有完成的含义)