英语翻译The economic and management literature has,to date,focus

英语翻译
The economic and management literature has,to date,focussed on the business as an objective entity where transactions between owners and interested parties are kept at ‘arms length’ to ensure that stakeholder interests are protected (e.g.,employees,creditors,bankers,and so on).However,the notion of ‘family business’ implies a concentrated ownership between individuals that have kinship ties (Glassop,Ho and Waddell 2005).Kinship ties are imbued with emotive content,hence the rise of practices recommended to manage the relationship between ‘family’ members,business ‘owners’ and the ‘business’ itself as a discrete entity (Gersick,et al.1997).The uniqueness of a family business is that it is both a social entity (the family) and an economic entity (the business) (Waddell 2005).Ignoring one side of the interplay (the family),in the name of objectivity,runs the risk of causing fracture to the business entity (e.g.,when assets need to be distributed due to divorce) (Spagnolo 2005).
Of further interest is the economic and social stability a family business provides through
the firm continuing to be owned and operated by the same family.Business longevity can be
enhanced only if it is in harmony with family longevity (Sund and Smyrnios 2005).In the
modern world we are confronted with a myriad of opportunities to pursue individual,rather
than familial,interests.From an economic point‐of‐view,family harmony and longevity
directly reflects family business longevity.Family businesses,therefore,provide both
economic and social stability to society and should be of keen interest to researchers,policy
makers,business groups and welfare groups alike.
The literature on family business as a distinct field of inquiry has been steadily building since the 1980s (Sharma 2004).While the range of family business topics includes areas such as succession planning and conflict management,there are several lines of research that are particularly relevant to ownership concentration.
Firm performance A range of studies suggest that family firms outperform their non‐family
counterparts (Lee 2006; Miler and Le‐Breton Miller 2006; Martinez et al 2007).However,
little is understood about why family firms might have a competitive advantage over other
firms.Recently,‘social capital’ theory has emerged to explore what the ‘family’ has to offer
the firm (Hoffman,et al.2006; Arregle,et al.2007).Empirical studies are yet to explore this
theory.

经济和管理的文化,迄今为止,主要集中于把商业作
为一种客观实体,那里交易在业主之间进行,并且有
关各方都保持在'手臂距离' ,以确保利益相关者的
利益得到保护（例如,雇员,债权人,银行,等等上
） .
然而,'家族企业'这一概念,意味着在有亲属关系的
个人之间的所有权的集中（ Glassop ,何和瓦德尔
2005年） .亲属关系是充满感情色彩的,因此,实
践的增加建议,管理好'家庭'成员和企业'所有者'之
间的关系.,并且把'商业'本身作为一个独立的实体
（ Gersick ,等.1997年） .
家族企业的独特性即：它既是一个社会实体（家庭）
又一个经济实体（企业）（瓦德尔2005年）.忽视一
个方面的相互作用（家庭）,以客观性的名义,所冒
的风险是造成商业实体的整体崩溃（例如,当由于离
婚资产需要分发）（ Spagnolo 2005年） .
进一步关注的是经济和社会的稳定,家族企业通过该
公司被同一个家庭所继续拥有和经营提供了保证.只
有加强与家庭长久之间的和谐,企业才可以长久（桑
德和Smyrnios 2005年） .在当今世界,我们面临着
无数的机会,来追求个人的,而不是家族的利益.
从经济角度的观点,家庭和睦和长久直接能反映出家
族企业的长久.家族企业,因此,同时为社会提供了
经济和社会的稳定,研究人员应该怀有强烈的兴趣,
政策制定者,商业团体和福利团体也一样.
家族企业的文化,作为一个独特的调查领域,自上世
纪80年代就一直在稳步建设（夏尔马2004年） .家
族企业的一系列议题,包括继任规划和冲突管理等领
域,这里有几个,特别是有关于所有权集中的研究.
公司业绩:一系列的研究表明,家族企业优于他们同
行的非家族（李2006年,米勒和乐顿米勒2006 ;
Martinez等人2007年） .但是,为什么家族企业比
其它公司可能更具有竞争优势这一点,被理解的却很
少.最近,社会资本的理论开始探索'家庭'能为该公
司提供什么（霍夫曼等人.2006 ; Arregle ,等.
2007年） .实证研究尚未探讨这一理论.