英语语法表达将来式时,是用一般现在式、现在进行式吗?什么时候用一般现在.什么时候用进行式?那will是怎么用的?

英语语法
表达将来式时,是用一般现在式、现在进行式吗?
什么时候用一般现在.什么时候用进行式?
那will是怎么用的?

I. 一般将来时的基本用法
1. 一般将来时 表示将来要发生的事（在口语中各人称后均用will, 常缩写为 ’ll）：
Who will be on duty at six? –I will. 六点谁值班? —我值班.
I will be eighteen next week. 下星期我就十八岁了.
We will know the result tomorrow. 明天我们就知道结果了.
I’m sure I won’t lose my way. 我确信我不会迷路.
If we can’t find the taxi, we will miss the plane. 如果拦不到出租车,我们就搭不上飞机了.
She’ll be here at six. 她六点来.
You’ll have time for it. 你会有时间这样做的.
Will you be free tonight?
You won’t be late. 你不会迟到的.
So she won’t come? 这么说她不来了?
2）这个时态常用于下面的情况（都用will）：
a. 用在 “I think…will”这类句型中,表示看法：
I think they’ll succeed. 我想他们会成功.
I supposed they’ll buy the house.我想他们会把这房子买下来.
I’m sure he’ll come back. 我肯定他会回来.
Perhaps you’ll find him at the hotel. 也许你会在旅馆找到他.
They’ll probably wait for us. 他们也许会等我们
b. 也可以表示将来习惯性的动作：
Spring will come again. 春天还会再来.
Birds will build nests. 鸟总要筑巢.
These things will happen. 这样的事总是要发生的.
The daffodils will flower in spring. 水仙春天开花.
c. 提出请求：
Will you type this? 你把这个打一下好吗?
Will you tell her I’ll be back at five? 你可否告诉她我五点回来?
If you want help—let me know, will you? 如果需要帮忙就告诉我,好吗?
Will you please be quiet? 你们安静点好吗?
Won’t you take off your coat? 你把外套脱下来好吗?
d. 作出允诺：
I’ll be there, I promise you. 我答应你我会去的.
This won’t happen again, I assure you. 我向你保证,这种事不会再发生.
I’ll be home in time for supper. 我吃晚饭时回家.
I won’t tell anybody what you said. 你说的话我不会告诉任何人.
e. 表示同意：
Send off the invitation right today. –Yes, I will. 今天就把请柬发出去. --行,没问题.
Don’t be late. –No, I won’t. 别来晚了. --放心吧.
Will you answer him? –Yes, I will. 你来回复他好吗?--行.
2. 使用shall的一些情况
1）shall主要用于第一人称后,构成疑问句,询问对方意见：
What time shall I come? 我什么时候来?
Where shall we go for our holiday? 我们到哪儿去度假呢?
Shall I do the washing-up? 要不要我来洗盘子?
What shall we do this weekend? 这个周末咱们干什么?
Let’s go, shall we? 咱们走吧,好吗?
2) shall 也可以用在陈述句中（但现在口语中这样说的人比较少.一般多用will）：
Don’t worry. I shan’t (won’t) be late. 别担心,我不会迟到的.
I shall (will) ensure that you get a room. 我会保证让你得到一个房间.
We shall (will) be in touch. 我们会保持联系的.
We shall (will) have to hurry. 我们得赶快.
II. 一些表示将来情况的方法
除了一般将来时,还可以下列方式表示将来情况：
1）be going to 结构,表示打算干某事（a）或即将发生某事（b）：
a. I’m going to play you a waltz. 我准备给你弹一首华尔兹舞曲.
He is going to buy her some flowers. 他打算给她买一些花.
I’m not going to argue with you tonight. 今晚我不打算和你争论.
They’re going to sell their house. 他们准备把房子卖掉.
b. It’s going to rain soon. 快下雨了.
Oh, no! He’s going to fall! 糟糕!他要摔下去了!
If the drought continues, there’s going to be a famine. 如果干旱持续下去,会发生旱灾的.
How pale that girl is! I think she is going to faint. 那姑娘脸色这样苍白,我想她要晕倒了.
这个结构有时可和will引导的结构换用：
It will/is going to take a long time to photocopy all the documents. 复印所有这些材料要用很长时间.
I won’t / am going to tell you my age. 我不打算（想）告诉你我的年龄.
I will /am going to climb that mountain one day. 有一天我要去爬那座山.
He won’t / isn’t going to resign. 他不会（准备）辞职.
2）现在进行时 (表示计划或准备要做的事)：
My brother is having a party tomorrow. 我哥哥明天要参加一个聚会.
When are you leaving? –At the end of the term. 你什么时候走? --期末走.
I’m going to the pictures. Would you like to come? 我要去看电影,你要去吗?
They’re playing some folk music first. 他们要先演奏一些民间乐曲.
How are you going—by train or by plane? 你怎么—坐火车还是坐飞机?
I’m taking the kids to the zoo on Saturday. 我星期六带孩子们去动物园.
What are you doing tomorrow afternoon? 明天下午你干什么?
He’s leaving school in one year’s time. 他一年后就要毕业了.
I’m leaving. 我要走了.
3）一般现在时 表示按计划要发生的事,特别是以事物作主语时(a), 以人作主语时有时也可以这样用(b)：
a. The new branch opens (is opening) next week. 新的分公司下星期开业.
When does the main film begin? 正片什么时候开始（放映）?
The plane takes off in ten minutes. 飞机十分钟后起飞.
Parliament convenes next Tuesday. 议会下周四开会.
The train leaves (arrives) at 10:45. 火车10：45分开（到）.
Tomorrow is Sunday.
b. The boys start school on Monday. 孩子们星期一开始上学.
We leave at six and arrive in Dublin at ten. 我们六点动身,十点到达都柏林.
They have no classes tomorrow. 明天他们没课.
We get off at the next stop. 我们下一站下车.
I’m not at home tonight. 我今晚不在家.
Are you free tonight? 你今晚有空吗?
此外还可在时间及条件从句中代替一般将来时(a),或用在hope 后的宾语从句中(b)；
a. Give me a ring before you leave. 走之前给我打个电话.
You carry on with the work while I have a rest. 我休息时你接着干.
When she comes, I’ll tell her about it. 她来时我将把这件事告诉她.
If you don’t find her, just leave her a note. 如果你找不到她,就给她留个条.
b. I hope she gets back in time. 我希望她及时回来.
We hope you all have a good time. 我们希望你们都能玩得开心.
We hope you are well. 我们希望你身体健康.
4）be + 不定式结构：
be + 不定式结构也可表示将要发生的动作,可表示安排好的事(a), 也可表示要求做的事(b)：
a. She is to be married next month. 她定于下月结婚.
The expedition is to start in a week’s time. 探险队将于一周后出发.
The Prime Minister is to visit Hungary in May. 首相将于五月访问匈牙利.
Who is to play Macbeth? 谁扮演麦克白?
b. You’re to stay here till we return. 你得待在这儿知道我们回来.
No one is to leave this building without their permission. 未经他们允许谁也不准离开这座楼.
He says that we are to wait till he comes. 他说我们得等着他回来.
You are not to smoke in the office. 你们不得在办公室抽烟.
5）be about to 结构：
表示就要发生的事：
They’re about to start. 他们就要出发了.
Quick, jump in! The train is about to leave. 快,跳上车,火车就要开了.
Turn off the gas—the soup is about to boil over. 把煤气关掉——汤快溢出来了.
I was just about to fall into a doze when he started up. 我正要打盹时他突然出现了.
6）be due to 构成的谓语：
这种结构表示“定于……”：
Mary is due to leave at two o’clock. 玛丽定于两点动身.
They are due to meet again tomorrow. 他们定于明天再会面.
She is due to graduate next summer. 她明年暑假毕业.
The bridge is due to be completed next April. 大桥定于明年四月完工.